Free College Essays - Self-Revelation in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: free essay writer

Their Eyes Were Watching God Self-Revelation Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, is a novel ab aside one(a) fair sexs self-revelation. It began when this woman was a very young girl. At first she was being pushed, then she was being chosen, and finally, she was able to choose. Born a victim of circumstance, Janie, the primary(prenominal) character, was subject to her position in life. She was raised to uphold the standards of the early African-American generation. From the beginning, she was taught to be passive and subject to whatever life gave her. As she grew older, she began to realize that she must give in to her desires and not suppress them. Janie was set up for her journey of self-discovery by her grandmother. Nanny set a goal for Janies life by saying, Ah wanted you to look upon yo self. Ah dont want yo feathers always crumpled by folks throwin up things in yo face. ***SITE THIS?*** Janies grandmother pushed Janie into a marriage, which she consider ed a safe place for Janie. Though hesitant, Janie agreed to marry Logan Killicks. He was a farmer who married Janie shortly after she completed school. Killicks was the first obstructer that Janie encountered in the story. He was there for one purpose, to destroy Janies new sense of self-awarenes. Logan demanded things of Janie that she did not wish to do and tried to push her into his mold of a perfect wife. Janie did not love Logan, nor did he love her. She did not know what she wanted, but she was sure that she did not want Logan Killicks. Joe Starks appeared in Janies yard one afternoon. He said the sweet things that Janie wanted to hear. Though Janie hardly knew the man, being young and gullible, she was taken by his words. She took another step in her journey, leaving Logan the coterminous day and travelling to Eatonville with Joe Starks. Aspiring to be the mayor of Eatonville, Joe Starks was a man concerned with little except power. He wanted it, and he was going to hold Janie to get it. She wore nice dresses during this marriage because Joe wanted her to stand out from the rest of the town. He used her as an icon of his prosperity and power. He was cruel to Janie and stomped out all of her free will.

Wall Street Crash of October 1929 Essay -- Great Depression Economics

Wall Street Crash of October 1929The roaring twenties saw a keen deal of prosperity in the United States economy. Everything seemed to be going well as stock prices continued to rise at incredible judge and everyone in the food market was becoming rich. Two new industries the automotive industry, and the radio industry were the driving forces of this economic boom. These industries were helping to create a new typewrite of market that no one had ever seen in history. With the market continuously increasing and with no foreseeable end, many individuals were entering the market because they saw the market as a sure fire way to deject rich quickly. The rising prices of stocks and the large increases in trading created the speculative market that would eventually crash. On Monday, October 28, 1929, New York seemed to be the primary focus of the entire manhood. During that week in October, the bottom of the New York stock market fell out, an event that would lead the world into the greatest depression it has ever seen to date. Many individuals including those in the national Reserve Board saw the crash as a healthy thing that would bet all speculative trading to an end, and bring stock prices eat up to realistic levels. Following the crash the Fed followed a contractionary form _or_ system of government, which does not encourage expansion. Although that type of policy did need to be put throughed prior to the crash, the decision to implement contractionary policy after the crash at best can be considered a suspicious decision. The unstable financial situation of the United States that lead to the great crash can be attributed to the lack of leadership and action of the Federal Reserve in the financial world during the roaring twenties.After the end... ...31 Oct. 19299.Stocks Up again on Flood of Buying Discount Rate Cut Here and in capital of the United Kingdom Back to Normal, Reserve Board Finds. The New York Times 1 Nov. 192910.Brokers See End of Stock Hysteria. The New York Times 1 Nov. 192911.Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover (New York Macmillan, 1952)12.L. V. Chandler, Benjamin Strong, telephone exchange Banker (Washington DC Brookings Institute, 1958)13.Behind the scenes with the Federal Reserve Board, Worlds Work (June 1929)14.Excerpts from the Hamlin Diary - http//memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=amrlm&fileName=mn02page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/coolfield(DOCID+lit(mn023))%23mn02003&linkText=115.Appendix 1 can be set in motion at www.duke.edu/wem3/ click on work stuff consequently under HST10416.Appendix 2 can be found at www.duke.edu/wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST104 Wall Street Crash of October 1929 Essay -- Great Depression Economics Wall Street Crash of October 1929The roaring twenties saw a great deal of prosperity in the United States economy. Everything seemed to be going well as stock prices continued to rise at incredible rates and everyone in the mar ket was becoming rich. Two new industries the automotive industry, and the radio industry were the driving forces of this economic boom. These industries were helping to create a new type of market that no one had ever seen in history. With the market continuously increasing and with no foreseeable end, many individuals were entering the market because they saw the market as a sure fire way to get rich quickly. The rising prices of stocks and the large increases in trading created the speculative market that would eventually crash. On Monday, October 28, 1929, New York seemed to be the primary focus of the entire world. During that week in October, the bottom of the New York stock market fell out, an event that would lead the world into the greatest depression it has ever seen to date. Many individuals including those in the Federal Reserve Board saw the crash as a healthy thing that would bring all speculative trading to an end, and bring stock prices down to realistic level s. Following the crash the Fed followed a contractionary policy, which does not encourage expansion. Although that type of policy did need to be implemented prior to the crash, the decision to implement contractionary policy after the crash at best can be considered a questionable decision. The unstable financial situation of the United States that lead to the great crash can be attributed to the lack of leadership and action of the Federal Reserve in the financial world during the roaring twenties.After the end... ...31 Oct. 19299.Stocks Up Again on Flood of Buying Discount Rate Cut Here and in London Back to Normal, Reserve Board Finds. The New York Times 1 Nov. 192910.Brokers See End of Stock Hysteria. The New York Times 1 Nov. 192911.Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover (New York Macmillan, 1952)12.L. V. Chandler, Benjamin Strong, Central Banker (Washington DC Brookings Institute, 1958)13.Behind the scenes with the Federal Reserve Board, Worlds Work (June 1929)14.Ex cerpts from the Hamlin Diary - http//memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=amrlm&fileName=mn02page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/coolfield(DOCID+lit(mn023))%23mn02003&linkText=115.Appendix 1 can be found at www.duke.edu/wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST10416.Appendix 2 can be found at www.duke.edu/wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST104

Candlelight Dreams :: essays research papers

My older friend next door once told me that if I shut my eyes and blew on a candle, all of my wishes would fuck off true... I used to believe her and go around the house candle hunting. How my parents must have laughed to see me scrambling around the furniture, picking up the candles around the room , and blowing the little flame out until my cheeks hurt.I made the most outrageous wishes. I wished to own a monkey, a horse, and a dragon I wished to grow-up and be just like Sailor Moon. And, of course, I wished for a thousand more wishes so I would never run out.I always believed my wishes would come true. When they didnt, I ran next door and demanded and explanation. She laughed and said I just hadnt done it right. Hadnt done it right?, I would say. Then how should I do it? It simply works if you do it a certain way, she told me with a little smile, but youll have to figure that out by yourself. I watched her with wide, admiring eyes and thought she must be right. She was ten yea rs older than me and knew the ways of the world nothing she said could be wrong. I went back and tried again.Time passed, and I grew older. My everlasting(a) friend started spending less and less sentence with me.got busier and busier. Distressed by the scant attention I received from her, I spent most of my time staring out the window. I wondered what she was doing, where she was, and if she was having fun. Occasionally, I would wander around the home, blowing out a few candles, wishing for my friend to be how she used to be. Each time I hoped desperately that I had done it the right way and that the wish would come true. But it never happened.After a while, I gave upnot only on my friendbut on the candles as well. Distress had turned into anger and then to rejection of my friend and every thing she had told me. The old wishful thinker within me vanished and was replaced by a harsh teenage cynic who told me over and over that I should have known better than to believe in free p eople wishes. It chided me for my past belief in dragons and laughed at the thought of my growing up to be a five foot ten, make-believe, Sailor Moon.

The United States’ International Policies Focused in Iran and Iraq Essa

The United States International Policies Foc drilld in Iran and Iraq After World War II the United States promised to not amends to its isolationist attitude, which allowed Hitler to gain so much power. They instead decided to take a very active role in the spheres politics. From Korea to Vietnam, the U.S. prove that it would go to extreme lengths to police the world. The past two decades have seen the U.S. deeply involved in the Middle eastmost as they show to stabilize a region ravaged by ethnic battles and power struggles for the worlds oil supply. America has played integral roles in the skirmishes by either seek to organize a peace process or supporting one or both sides. These actions will have consequences. Just as the British world empire crumbled in the early 1900s, the U.S. has chosen a path of expansionism that if not altered will lead to the disintegration of its world dominance in policy-making and economic power. As we all know history has been k nown to repeat itself. Thus to justify my hypothesis, we must look at the last country to try to hold the Middle East, specifically Great Britain. In 1917 the British began their occupation of Baghdad in order to protect the Arabs from the Turks from the Ottoman Empire. By 1920 the British had not fulfilled their promise to leave the area and the people of southern Iraq responded with military action. The British returned with their own aggression, but soon realized that they could not maintain control over the area. In 1921, a popular election was held and Prince Faisal of Hijaz won with 96% of the ballots. Unfortunately the new king of Iraq inherited a kingdom torn by civil war. To understand this internal struggle, look at how the Kurds make ... ...rman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because he has been through the Persian Gulf, has learned from the mistakes of the United States and will use his knowledge to prevent another debacle from beginning.BibliographyAtkeson, Maj. G en. Edward B., The Persian Gulf Still a Vital Interest? Armed Forces Journal International, Vol. 124, No. 9, April 1987Brown, Harold, Thinking about National Security, Boulder Westview, 1983, p. 157Stocking, George W., Middle East Oil A Study in Political and Economic Controversy, Nashville Vanderbilt U.P., 1970 p. 103-106Stork, Joe, Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis, New York Monthly Review Press, 1975http//i-cias.com/e.o/iraq_4.htmhttp//www.oppression.org/middleeast/kurdish_history.htmlhttp//www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859147.htmlhttp//www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/iran-iraq.htm

My Summer Vacation Essay -- Summer Vacation Essays

When I was ten years old my Father took me to popular Studios in Orlando Florida during spend vacation. It is one of the most memorable experiences of my life.It was my first time on an airplane, so I was a smaller nervous. It felt like forever while we sit down in the plane waiting to take off. Finally, I heard the pilot say prepare for take off. Ill admit I was a little s simple machineed, but as the plane lifted off the runway, I was ok. The plane ride there was three hours long. It was a little bumpy, but other thus that, everything went well. We landed in Orlando. The airport was gigantic. After walking for a while, we found the baggage claim. It took us a while to find all of our suitcases. We rented a car and drove to my Uncle Joes house. We were going to be staying with him for a week. It was nice to see him and my cousins Brandon and Audrey.We ate dinner, talked for a little while and then I went to sleep. We had a king-size day ahead of us. We were all going to Unive rsal Studios the next day. I couldnt wait.I could see some of the roller coasters as we drove to Universals Island of Adventure the next morning. There were so many people there. There was at least 50 people waiting on individually line. While we were waiting to get our bracelets, my uncle disappeared for a minute, and when he came back, he surprised us with passes to the front of every line for every ride in the park. Brandon got to preference the first ride we went on. It was called the Hul...

The Life and Death of Ernest Hemingway :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Life and Death of Hemingway   In novels or other literary works many authors economise about things they dream about. Many write about what stories they have heard from fellow companions. None have written about such vivid, yet traumatic experiences as the twentieth century writer, Ernest Hemingway. That is why Hemingways tend to concur to his real life experiences.   To start, consider that he was raised in an extremely strict household. He was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. He had an equitably happy, hurrying middle class childhood. As he grew older he started having feelings of bitterness towards his parents, generally his mother who was seen as selfish and magisterial by Hemingway. When he was in his teens he became interested in literature. He wrote stories for his high school newspaper and subscribe poems and stories to the school magazine. When he graduated in 1917 he took a junior reporter position on the Kansas City Star, writing feature stories. In his journalism he began to show interest in powerful yet objective writings of violence, despair, and emotional disturbance, which dominated his writings. He also participated in origination War I, which greatly impacted his writing, as a Red Cross ambulance driver in Italy. He was wounded in both legs by a shrapnel explosion. He fell in love with the nurse that was caring for him, who left him not long after for an older man. He returned to Oak Park, and also upper Michigan to write about his childhood, teenage, and wartime years. In 1921 he married Hadley Richardson, divorced March 10, 1927, he moved to Paris to further his writing career. Here he quit journalism as a result of his maturing as a distinguished writer. From the maturity he had accomplished he was able to write everyplace twenty-five books. He eventually returned to journalism to support himself.   He was recognized as a major force in literature when he wrote A Farewell to Arms, One o f the first novels in Hemingways literary career. His first publication was Three Stories and Ten Poems, which didnt turn out to be a big success. yet his most acclaimed novella, The Old Man and the Sea, which won him the Pulitzer Prize, tends to stand out overall.

Beowulf Movie Critic

Beowulf Movie Critic Do you envision a strong female role or a male role as your submarine sandwich? In my opinion the Beowulf exposure was a thumbs up, due to Angelina Jolies use of seduction and female wiles. Angelina is a critical timbre who drives the plot. In the movie, her character of Grendels beat overshadows Beowulfs character as a hero. This is in drastic contrast to the original poem Beowulf because in the original, wo hands were not valued and they had no classic role. Grendels mother differs from the original, in three aspects character, plot and theme.The difference between the characters from the original Beowulf poem to the movie is vast. Grendels mother in the movie was beautiful, for poser Beowulf Movie Review says, The link between the early battles of a young hero and his fatal confrontation with the dragon as an aging king is his come-on by the monsters mother who dangles wealth, power and sexual favors before his bedazzled eyes, the writer reminds us of t he beauty she portrays. In the poem readers are led to accept she looks monstrous it is said that the warriors from Herot thought she looked like Grendel and also Beowulf is not one bit attracted to her.In the poem Grendels mother is a violent being who creates conflicts to visit her male child she eats people and kills many of Hrothgars men. In the movie Angelina Jolie lures Beowulf with her sexuality and beauty her strategy is seduction, as for in the poem Grendels mother is a monster who attacks Beowulf and drags him into the cave where they engage in combat her strategy is direct attack. In my opinion the movie Beowulf was successful, whereas the poem was not. The role played as Grendels mother was more thought out.Her strategy was a wise one because not only did she live, but she is free to lure more men into her cave, where she will pursue to seduce and sin. Grendels mother changes the plot from beginning to end. If she had never seduced the king in the movie, then there wo uld have never been the character Grendel. Without Grendel, Beowulf would have no reason to travel to Denmark on behalf of King Hrothgars request. King Hrothgar was sick and ti violent of Grendel savaging at night he surmised Beowulf would save his kingdom.Grendels mother creates all conflict, for example she allures Beowulf knowing that lust was his weakness where in the original Beowulf she is an ugly lake monster with dragon claws, a long snout, yellow feathers, red eyes, a pale face and since Beowulf is not attracted, he defeats her. In the movie Grendels mother gives birth to a dragon, but this monster is also son of Beowulf. The plot was changed once again because in the poem the dragon was not Beowulfs son and if it werent for Grendels mothers promise to Beowulf, he would have not become king of Herot and would have not fallen in love with the queen.He chose to kill his evil son to save his love, the queen and his mistress. In the movie every victory was glorious. Each battle won is sung and celebrated. People remember you from your battles. In Beowulf the poem, the theme is complete opposite. Christian element is employ battle is bad, and one was not known for battles, but how honest and faithful you were throughout your life. Beowulfs morals were very different in the movie, because he was not using the Christian element, but was deceitful and unfaithful for example, he lies about his battles and betrays the kingdom by fornicating with Grendels mother.Whereas in the poem he never did much(prenominal) thing. Contrary to the original Beowulf, the new film wants us to understand and humanize our monster. The changes of theme from story to movie give Beowulf a more modern feel. The movie was a real life depiction of the poem, which was a fantasy. In real life there is reality like sin. The movie is like a simile to the poem we picture Grendels mother as an ugly creature, but she was not ugly she was a monster within but not on the outside. ?

Analysis and Critique on French Education System

In my opinion, the French educational activity system is faulty and undeserving. Meisler portrays for us in animated detail, the torture that French pupils go through in their schooldays. It is in addition relatively easy for me to understand this scenario because in my expanse, India, the scene is strikingly similar. It is also the reason that I am here right nowin the United States tickting the benefits of the scoop up undergraduate system in the worldto take inhabitation with me the accrual of a liberal education. I find the lack of French students in an American institution surprising.Surely French parents will think and re-think sooner making a choice between their childs future and the haughtiness of their countrys culture. Do they really want risk their children to go through a system where the chance of getting the baccalaureate degree is only one in three? What is the point of attempting to get an education? The countrys literacy rate reads ninety-nine percent yet Me isler indicates that two-thirds of France is without a reputed degree. These statistics are unheard of in the rest of the world. Students who do manage to get this degree get celebrity treatment and many go on to become Nobel laureates.Nevertheless, what of those who not make it? They live an obscure life, affected by their failure until their dying day. This also happens to be the reason for Frances contemptuous behavior towards tourists. One often comes across a French waiter or low- direct bureaucrat or store clerk behaving defensively as they had done with their teachers, desperately trying to evade disapproval. Fear being their motivation rather than the pursuit of success. French education seemingly preaches that France is the world and that there is nothing beyond.Meisler has pointed out a symbolic example when he says that, in English, people usually try to judge the level of comprehension of the person with whom they are conversing. They then try to adapt to the same wavele ngth so that the conversation carries on with least difficulty. However, to the French, this is an alien concept. If you cannot speak the perfect grammar that they as children have been taught in medieval fashion, you become an outcast. I think the French have to modify their philosophy and look beyond defining education as academics.There is much more to a complete education than precision of mind, command of language and a huge store of memory. They have to realize that Nobel laureates do not mean much until they are representatives of their entire country. Although France may have had several more Nobel laureates than the United States, it has achieved this at a price. The price of disregarding their lesser citizens. The United States on the other hand has gone the Darwinian waythe process of natural selectionand has let the people discover themselves and bring the best out in them.They have not had them molded to become superior beingswhich in my vocabulary reads as robotswhich in turn is defined in the Webster vocabulary as an efficient insensitive person who functions automatically. The French education system is in desperate need of a complete overhaul. Otherwise, their nation is going to brook all of the little importance that they have in the world today because of their immodesty and arrogance. France is and will be nothing more than an angry yapping poodle in the midst of uninterested, lazing bulldogs.

Spirituality for the Alienated

Struggling with the Spirit in todays world is a daunting ch everyenge. Most fail. This is because the mainline coating holds that the living of the Spirit is actually a flavour of the mind, a life of the emotions somewhat distorted by older, discredited system of spirituality and life. Burgs project, however, is non so much denying this rather dogmatic approach, but in reconstructing it so that the upstarts can come to the life of the spirit with few doubts and hassles. However, Borg tattles to me for several reasons first, my love of the easterly tradition stresses delivery boy as Tao, as the path, rather than as a dogmatic set of beliefs.It is not so much that dogma is a enigmaas it merely asserts things as truebut these propositions neer exist in themselves, they exist as part of a broader whole, a repugn with myself and the ripe world (Damascene, 1999). This struggle is round integration the integration of a tradition, a set of beliefs held propositionally, but in a ddition its integration within a culture that is lots hostile, and thatit seemsseeks to constantly throw roadblocks in the way of ones struggle. This paper, then, will gather in my own struggle by dint of the methods Borg uses to reconnect Christianity to modern life.The basic thesis present is integration taking the insights from all relevant communities to construct a reasonable and useful understanding of deliverer and his mission. For Borgs (1995) work, the real struggle is twofold first, the struggle between the communal understanding of Christ and his historical essence, and second, the struggle with integrating modern scholarship with ones life of true faith. This struggle is precise real, but for Borg, his uncritical acceptance of modern scholarship as a set of infallible oracles who have no agenda or ulterior motives rag his approach weak and compliant.Nevertheless, the insights taken from this approach cannot be ignored. The basic historical approach Borg takes is hi ghly problematic Christ did not say what is attributed to him, this existed as an oral examination tradition prior to being written down, hence unreliable, and lastly, that these oral ideas were written down by a community that had already set reveald Christ and hence, itself is by and large personal and cultural (Borg, 1995). Unfortunately, he refuses to deal with the large body of work that disowns these theses, such as McDowell (2006), Strobel (1998), Siciliano (2001) and so many others.His assumption that the modernist scholarship is true (rather than as an ideological construct) shows his criticism to be poorly developed if the Christ of the ancient world is an ideological construct of the community (and hence unreliable), why is the modern academic, also part of a community, not guilty of the same crime? The fact that Borg is a part of this community might help in answering that problem. If I am to hold that Christ is the creation of an ideologi vociferatey motivated commu nity, then there is no reason why the modern scholarship on this wonder is not also an ideologically motivated community.Nevertheless, it is the case that struggles against the modern idea are real, and some of their insights cannot be cast out of hand, as this community does to what they call the fundamentalists. There are several issues Borg takes the reader though that are full of insight and use for the modern Christian buffeted by the modern mentality. In Borgs Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time (1995), he stresses that images of Jesus are important for ones development as a Christian. There are several images that he identifiesJesus as Savior likely the about common image. Christ came to earth to save man frm sin, to take his human nature and link it to the divine, hence cleansing it, and bringing it through the realm of death, hence conquering it. Second, Jesus as teacher, Jesus came to earth to in the first put down teach a set of doctrines about Himself, the world and the Christians relation to it. Third, Jesus as the king of creation, the stern judge and teacher of righteousness. Fourth, Jesus as moralist, that Jesus came to earth to primary teach an ethical system.And lastly, Jesus as a liturgical figure, the Jesus whose beauty is such that normal quarrel cannot describe it, but it can moreover be understood in poetry and the symbolism of liturgy (Borg, 2-5). This is an important approach. All of these, to one extent or another, are a part of each Christians life, but some are more significant than others. Borg seems to hold that the real problem for modern Christians is the propositional nature of faith. That faith, for him, is the assent to a serial (literally a list) of propositions Christ is the Son of graven image, Christ walked on water, etc.The problem is that the modern person lives in a purchase order that lives by its own dogmas that such things cannot happen because they violate the laws of nature. Of course, this assume s that Christ is not their author. He does have a solution, one that I find personally strong that there are two Christs (though not literally), the Christ that existed prior to the resurrection, and the Christ that came after. The latter is the Christ that should motivate the modern reader, and this is the Christ that motivated the archaean Christian community to write the scriptures.The assumption is that this community made up a series of stories and held to it. The fact that the resurrection and crucifixion made no sense to the surrounding Jewish or pagan world is not considered. In other words, that no real religious interest was served by creating these stories, since the concept of a crucified God was repulsive to both communities. Nevertheless, he holds that the motivation of writing the Gospels come from the resurrection, which Borg takes as true from the testimony of the Scriptures that he does not trust (Borg, 1995). Nevertheless, Borg, spot inconsistent, is involved with a similar struggle to my own.Being from a secular household, the concept of Christ and his miracles was remote to me. No different, really, than a cartoon superhero. It was so easy to reject them, so serious to accept them. But this was not a bet of assent and intellectual life, but rather socially. To preach Christ to anyone other than the converted is to lose a great deal of social capital. This I felt powerfully. But intellectually, I never had a problem science, or rather, the scientific establishment, tells me that the infinitely complex life of DNA came into existence by chance.If this was true, then how strange was it to believe that God came to earth to teach men about Himself? I never thought it strange that Christ was God, while my friends believed that Eric Clapton was God. What I did find strange was the mentality of belief as propositions. In other words, that one could hold to the list of accepted beliefs about God and Christ, but the integration of these idea s into the world about them was the real challenge. Borgs other famed work, The Heart of Christianity Rediscovering the life of Faith, has helped me put this problem into a break-dance perspective.In fact, it is precisely the statement of the problem that makes the most sense, just as much as the solution itself. In other words, the context of the problem suggests its own answer. Borg writes that Christ should be seen as a way of life rather than as a set of beliefs (Borg, 2004, 25). However, the problem is that Borg seems to say this so as to relieve himself of the stuff of believing things that modern scholarship has decided are false. This, as I have already said, is the great weak spot of this series of books. But it helps to place it like thisDogma This is an intellectual approach to God and Christ. It holds to a set of beliefs both as reflecting the historical world of facts, and at the same time, demands a body among the propositions believed. This is fair enough. But the real issue is that it is a matter of the head. If Christianity was to be a strictly rational, empirical religion, then why did Christ not speak in this way? Christ, rather than public speaking as a metaphysician, talk in parables, He spoke in aphorisms, He spoke in stories of only a few sentences. He seems to preach by example as much as by words.Way Christ preached by example, by the words and actions that he integrated within himself for a short span of three years. He struggles with non-belief, the arrogance of the Pharisees, and incomprehension of the Romans. But this is precisely our condition our modern Pharisees, our modern secular flock consistently give us trouble. Christ is a way of struggle rather than as a set of dogmatic beliefs (Damascene, 1999). Borg (2004, 28-37) does one better he reduces the struggle this way Christ and the Christian mission in the modern world can be reduced to four specific approaches(1) Assensus this is a matter of rational assent. This is th e problem, at least when such assent is separated from the community. One can hold that Borg is really trying to minimize conflicts, to minimize the dogmatic division of Christ so as to lower the threshold of belief more and more can come to Christ if they do not need to lane the belief test. At the same time, Borg can also be said to hold this because either he does not believe the dogmatic pronouncements about Christ, or his community (i. e. the academic community) does not, and he does not want to be left out, or attacked as a fundamentalist. (2) Fidelity this is the matter is personal relationship. This is not so much a matter of a-dogmatism, but goes beyond it love is stronger than intellectual assent. One follows Christ not because he has given assent to a series of dogmas, but rather, because Christ is a man worthy of being followed. A man that exudes love in the strongest sense of the world. (3) Vision the approach where faith in Christ makes sense out of the whole the wo rld, the community even of religion. While it is is true that Christ preached the coming of his Church, he did not speak of it all that much.Christ spoke of a life of struggle, of virtue, of a personal relationship through faith. The apostles had this, and still could not keep Judas. The vision is to bring the whole into integration with Christs teachings, the real basis of this paper and the basis of my personal life. One cannot run from the world, but one can infuse it with Christ and his teachings. But this is difficult with so many teachings about Christ, one does not know which image to pick,. This is the problem, and many have rejected Him alto ruleher because fo the disagreements. This many be the real potentiality of Borg and his approach.(4) Trust this seems to synthesize all the above. One trusts in the message of Jesus, but a message that might not be literally true, but is the experience of God in and by the community. If one approaches scriptures in this manner, then o ne can get over the belief threshold and see the Scriptures as a response to God, rather than a historical record. On a more personal note, the most satisfying part of Borgs work is in his multiple basis of the Christian life in the modern era. Id like to make this the conclusion, and the real central element of my personal response to practice Borg.In his (2004) work, Borg holds that the modern mission of Christianity can be reduced to three elements (1) The deposition of the reality of God. Now this can be done two ways first, through intellectual arguments, but also as a set of experiences. Borg prefers the latter. Nevertheless, in my own history, it was the former that led me to the latter. In my younger years of obligatory doubt, it was not the experience of God, it was the understanding of him. Once I understood him, I could feel and experience him. But my understanding came in the form of a series of negations I could not believe that DNA ever came into existence by chance .DNA is the great proof of the intelligence of God, the very nature of His creative power (at least that which is give to human observation). I could not believe that matter was eternal. Even in my younger years, while I could not articulate such an idea, I most certainly believed it. Materialism holds that matter is God, in the sense that all things, including life, came from it. It is also eternal and hence, all powerful. Once I realized this set of ideas that must be held by materialism, I realized that the life of the spirit was for me. Life cannot come from death, since something cannot give what it does not have.Consciousness does not come from chance. I saw these as the affirmation of the dogmatic and ideological community of modern scholarship and science, I saw it as the worst and crudest form of obscurantism (2) The centrality of Jesus. While I have no problem with this concept, I can not imagine that Borg can say the same. Jesus? But if one holds that the Jesus of Script ure is deliberately falsified, then what is he speaking of here? He never says. Jesus seems to become an archetype rather than a person. If one holds that the New Testament is falsified (a concept I hold as fantastic) then Christ can never be central.In other words, unless one holds to certain things as historically true (i. e. dogma), then Christ can never be the central part of ones life. (3) Lastly, the centrality of the scriptures. There are two ways of viewing this first, the scriptures as historically true, which Borg rejects, and the scriptures as reflecting, in words, the early communitys experience with God. Of course, these are not mutually exclusive, but the latter does more accurately reflect out situation. We do experience God in our lives. What we write about this comes out as vague and poetic.It is not history, but at best, psychology. It does not mean that the experiences are false, but that there are only so many ways that such experiences can be expressed. The fina l expression cannot, however, be called history. I commend Borg for trying, but he ultimately, fails. He cannot have it both ways to reject scripture (as his community does) but still hold Jesus as central. Jesus cannot be central if his life is falsified. Borg is ultimately a sloppy writer that seems to want to pleas everyone, and make Christianity an easy religion for all to approach.Whatever he likes about the Scriptures he uses, whatever will get him made fun of by his colleagues, he rejects. This is dishonest, and says more about the academic community than the early Christian community. Basically Borg is trying to rescue Christianity from the attacks of the modern critics, while affirming that everything that those critics say about the Bible is true. Nevertheless, we have all experienced the doubt, the pressure of the outside world. It is all the matter of context and expression how we approach God in a materialistic world. That, Borg can do nicely. BibliographyBorg, Marcus (1995) Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time. HarperOne. ___. (2004) The Heart of Christianity Rediscovering the Life of Faith. HarperOne Damascene, Fr. (1999) Christ the Eternal Tao. St. Hermans Press. Fr. Damascenes book strongly takes the approach advocated by Borg. He holds that Christ as a relational entity (so to speak) leads to believing in Christ as the Way, a method, a path to Enlightenment and truth. McDowell, Josh. (2006). Evidence for Christianity. Thomas Nelson Publishers. Strobel, Leo. (1998). The Case for Christ. Zondervan. Siciliano, Terry. (2001) Beyond a Reasonable Doubt Evidence for Christianity.Truth Press. These are three major works that refute the thesis that Christs message was falsified. There are many means to do this, but the most impressive one is that the message that came out in the Scriptures is repugnant to both the Jewish and Pagan mentality rising from the dead, execution like a common criminal, no military force, etc. were all highly disagreeable to the environment in which the Scriptures were first written and disseminated. Hence, they must be true. If one was going to invent a series of events, the last series one would invent at the time was that which was actually written.

How Tension Is Created in the Play “a View from the Bridge? Essay

In this essay I am going to discuss how tautness is created in the see A View from the bridge over written by Arthur Miller, but more specific either in ally how tension is created at the end of Act One. A View from the Bridge is set in Red Hook, New York full of Italian Ameri asss who struggle to earn a living. In the 1950s, Italy was a very poor country further immigration was make illegal before this, in 1946. The play goes on to tell us about the Carb one(a) family, an American family consisting of a couple Eddie and Beatrice and her sisters orphaned daughter Catherine.Having raised Catherine since she was a small girl, Eddie is extremely possessive and controlling of her, which we come to see more and more as the play progresses. When Beatrices cousins Marco and Rodolfo come to stay with the family illegally, to try and get off work and a sufficient amount of money to send back home to Italy, tensions rises as Eddie feels threatened as Marcos alpha male status, which caus es a shift in balance in the household. As we read the play, we come to see how Eddies petty insecurity gets the better of him, causing an inevitable tragic ending.Towards the end of Act One, we see the tension in the Carbone household reach a critical level, and it is clear for all to see. The characters attempt to ignore, hide and even relieve this tension by all means necessary, although whatever they do seems to make the atmosphere even more tension filled. Relationships between certain characters such as the one between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice and the relationship between Eddie and Marco create tension in different ways, and sound/ symphony, action, movement and apparent movement all contribute to the rising tension at the end of Act One.We see many different examples of tension when it comes to the relationship between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice. For example, Catherines prototypical words in this scene are You know where they went? This automati cally causes accidental tension between Rodolfo/Marco and Eddie because Catherine is exclaiming to Eddie that the men have travelled, making Eddie feel groundless as he doesnt to seem in any way or form weak compared to Rodolfo and Marco.In Eddies eyes, he sees this as the twain brothers have something over him, so now he tries in any shape or form to win back Catherine. As well as this, the way Catherine says this seems to be with pure enthusiasm and excitement which shows how naive she is to her surroundings. This reflects Catherines general behaviour as she is nearly 18, and doesnt seem to notice the printing of her actions on other people. Additionally we can clearly see Eddies resentment of Rodolfo when Rodolfo mistakenly angers Eddie when he says lemons are green.This is said in resolution to Eddie trying to belittle the brothers and imply their trade is dishonest, so when Rodolfo says lemons are green this makes Eddie look the fool and we already know that Eddie feels bit ter about the two brothers, in particular Rodolfo so when he makes him look stupid, automatic tension is created. It does so in the way that Eddie doesnt neediness to be outsmarted by Rodolfo because he doesnt want to look as if Rodolfo is superior to him.When Eddie has a go at Rodolfo for taking Catherine out to the movies, and returning home later than she usually does, Eddie is clearly on the brink of a full blown rage, and when he starts to tell Marco this, Marco instantly orders, not tells Rodolfo that he will from now be back home in time. This specifically doesnt create tension but shows us more of Marcos alpha male position, which Eddie is obviously threatened by. What does create tension is when Beatrice defends Rodolfo when Eddie is trying to try on it point that Rodolfo is the cause of Catherine staying out late by face Well, he didnt exactly drag her off Eddie. This shows to us the Beatrice is defending Rodolfo as she is disagreeing only with what Eddie, her husband is saying. This obviously creates tension because as a wife, Beatrice is meant to support and agree with her husband, however she is disagrees with what Eddie has said, as she believes that Eddie has inappropriate feelings towards Catherine, so Beatrice will obviously want to get Catherine out of the picture as soon as possible so she can feel that she has her husband back.After this Eddie starts to openly criticise Rodolfo in front of the household, but more especially its directed at Catherine, so Eddie can convince her that Rodolfo lacks any type of masculinity. He does this by saying Hes a cook, too He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses.. by saying this he is implying that these stereotypically feminine skills mean the Rodolfo is no word form of man, or at least in Eddies eyes which means he isnt right for Catherine. As well as this although Eddie never really says it in the play, he often implies that Rodolfo may be gay, which is what he may be trying to do here.This c reates tension because although Rodolfo doesnt clearly see it, Eddie is openly mocking him, and making him look like less of a man. The tone of which Eddie says this in is obviously meant to knock Rodolfo but he is totally oblivious to Eddies growing resentment, which creates more tension as it angers Eddie as it doesnt spark a answer. Miller uses music and sound as well as chat to show the tension at the end of the scene. For example when Catherine puts the record Paper Doll on and dances with Rodolfo, many forms of tension are created here.For instance, the lyrics of the song are all about someone taking away someone from another person, who is exactly what Eddie feels Rodolfo is doing to Catherine. So the lyrics in the record will cause tension as Eddie believes this is what is happening, and its almost ironic that Catherine chooses this record to play. The most obvious form of tension when Catherine and Rodolfo dance, is simply the fact that theyre dancing. As we know Rodolfo and Eddie were not having a victorian conversation before when Catherine suggested dancing, and Rodolfo was very weary of Eddies behaviour.So the fact that theyre being quite close and intimate in front of Eddie is frame in to cause tension as Eddie doesnt like Rodolfo, so the fact theyre dancing is bound to cause tension. Also, the fact that Rodolfo has spent money which he should be saving (like Marco is) annoys Eddie because he feels that the two brother should be keeping a low profile instead of publicly making themselves known, and by obtain this means that Rodolfo has gone out, which means people would have seen him and etc.So this creates tension as it annoys Eddie that hes off gallivanting buying records and clothes, instead of operative hard and keeping a low profile. After tension being made by music, Rodolfo turns the music off abruptly, which almost acts as Rodolfos reaction to what Eddie says. The lack of music means that everything that is said can be clearly heard , and it means the characters have nothing to hide behind.This creates tension as the lack of music symbolises Rodolfos patience with Eddie, as his comment was unjustified and Rodolfo obviously felt offended enough to turn off the music. Action, movement and gesture are additionally used to reveal tension in the household, for example when Eddie is talking about Rodolfo and how Eddie is different (and better) than Rodolfo, he has unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight enjoymentuntil it eventually tears in two This automatically creates tension as it is if Eddie has subconsciously been showing them all his true feelings of Rodolfo.As these are stage directions, we can indefinitely see the violence that Eddie is holding on to, and this symbolises his feelings towards Rodolfo. After this Eddie tries to teach Rodolfo boxing and instead, ends up punching him in the face. Eddie obviously does this to show off, to prove to everyone how masculine he is and how much better he is and weak Rodolfo is. He does this to make up for Rodolfos earlier comment where Eddie felt as if he was being made a mockery of, and this gives Eddie a chance to show off his physical strength against Rodolfo.In conclusion, Arthur Miller creates tension through the use of stage directions, conversation and many other different techniques. He often uses the stage directions to symbolise the physical status of his characters, which ultimately reflects subconsciously how they really feel about one another, and this is what really shows us how much tension there is created and how much drama there is at the end of Act One.

Anthem Essay Outline

Is it due to error, incompetence, or a more sinister motivation? Explain. II. The Solution A. Objectivism 1 . Objectivism is the belief that certain things, especially honourable truths, exist independently of hu cosmos knowledge or perception of them. 2. Objectivism, as defined by Any Rand in the book Objectively Speaking is that man exists for his own sake, that he must neither sacrifice himself to there nor sacrifice others to himself and that his highest moral purpose is the exploit of his own happiness.This shows that man exists for himself and that his greatest value is the achievement of his own value, or happiness. Objectivism is a near synonym for individualism and a near opposite of collectivism. B. Collectivism 1 . The ships company portrayed in the young Anthem is one where collectivism is the main form of government. The word l is destroyed and substituted for the words us or we. This shows that Collectivism is an evil which will bring in a dyspepsia society similar to the one described in Anthem. . Collectivism shows that people exist for the society and this causes jobs to issued not to the ones most skilled in the field but because of the need for the job in society. For example, in the novel Anthem Equality, a man with a high intelligence is given a small position or post of street sweeper. Here street sweeper, is one of the jobs society requires so goals can be reached and the needs of society are answered.Equality exhibits objectivism which is detailed in the previous paragraph, and because of this he is assigned this position. This shows the true purpose to why Equality is assigned this occupation. C. Freedom 1 . Another curtilage why the Council assigns Equality this loathsome occupation is because of Equality idea of freedom. This is frequented illustrated throughout the novel l do not surrender my treasures, nor do share them. The circumstances of my spirit is not to be blown into coins of brass and flung to the

Mark Doty: Life and Career Essay

Doty was born in Maryville, Tennessee, earned his Bachelor of arts from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, and received his Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from Goddard College in Vermont. In 1989, his partner Wally Roberts tested positive for HIV,1 which drastically changed Dotys writing. Robertss death in 1994 inspired Doty to release Atlantis. Heavens Coast A Memoir also deals with this subject and received the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction. 2 In 1995, he was the first American poet to win the 10,000 T.S. Eliot Prize for Poetry, for his book My Alexandria. The book was also a finalist for the interior(a) Book Award and the winner of the 1993 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Poetry and the National Book Critics Circle Award. Doty also received a 1994 Whiting Writers Award.Look moremark twain satire essayHe has written twelve books of poetry and three memoirs. Firebird told the story of his childhood in the American South and in Arizona. Dog Years was a memoir of the lives of two of his dogs who Doty had plot of ground dealing with the death of his partner and the devastation of 9-11. Louise Erdrich praised the book as being about dogs, that is to say, about everything we cannot talk about the unsayable about our relationships with animals, and about unspeakable measure of loss, Dog Years is not a dark book. It is illuminated from within by gorgeous wonder. Dog Years is the winner of the 2008 American Library association Stonewall Book Awards Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award. His last book of poetry Fire to Fire smart and Selected Poems won the 2008 National Book Award for Poetry.3He lives in New York City and Fire Island, New York. He was the John and Rebecca Moores Professor in the graduate program at The University of Houston Creative Writing Program. He has also participated in The Juniper Summer Writing Institute at the University of Massachusetts Amhersts MFA Program for Poets & Writers and was on the faculty of the Brea d Loaf Writers Conference in wondrous 2006. He is the inaugural judge of the White Crane/James White Poetry Prize for Excellence in Gay Mens Poetry. Doty is a judge for the 2013 Griffin Poetry Prize.He now teaches at Rutgers University. His husband since 1995 is the writer Paul Lisicky.

NCLEX-PN

These be signs of maternalism. Presumptive Which are classified as probable signs of maternal quality? Uterine enlargement Hegiras sign, electropositive motherhood test A long-suffering prat be told that she is definitely great(predicate) when she has foetal heart sounds A charr calls the clinic to report that she had a positive home pregnancy test and asks hobby relax these are. The cherishs nearly appropriate reception Is Accuracy Is genuinely high if the test commissions are followed exactly The laboratory test used to confirm pregnancy measures HAG The mothers first recognition of fetal movements is referred to as QuickeningWhich change Is related to Increased progester hotshot levels? compound of the voice Which of the by-line is the lawsuit of Loriss in pregnancy? As the uterus enlarges the center of gravity shifts, do the women to lean back Which finding In a expectant patient would require further judgement by the restrain? Blood pressure of 150/92 A pat ient in her third base trimester of pregnancy complains of dizziness and faintness when she lies on her back. Which statement by the adjudge is most appropriate? To correct the symptoms, lie on your left side abide been very careful to find iron tablets and to give a balanced diet.The maintains most appropriate response is During pregnancy, the fluid portion of your kindred increases, which dilutes your red breed cellphones Changes in the gastrointestinal system during pregnancy let in Increased saliva production One cause of shit urination during pregnancy is pressure of the gravid uterus on the bl summateer Melancholy-stimulating hormone (MS) is answerable for which of the following signs of pregnancy? Lineal Niagara A muliebrity in her second trimester of pregnancy smiles and pats her abdomen when she feels the foul up move.She expresses a wish for a beautiful little girl and much alas about the deflower in positive terms. These behaviors illust browse which move upmental task of pregnancy? Fetal Distinction A cleaning charrhood who is 36 weeks pregnant tells the clinic curb that she is considering taking ibuprofen for her back smart and muscle cramps. The nurses best response is Taking that medication could cause your baby to experience distress BC of premature changes in its cardiovascular system Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions and the milk ejection reflex in breastfeeding?Extinction A patient tells the nurse that she is worried because her partner does not seem interested in the pregnancy. Which response by the nurse would be the most appropriate? Your partner go forth go through stages of adjustment to fatherhood The nurse is interviewing a charwoman in the clinic who thinks she might be pregnant. Which are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Amenorrhea wear down Breast tenderness A pregnant woman has three living children, one single and one twin birth, one preterm birth, and no abortions.According to CATALPA, the nur se would record her pregnancy history as . 421031 A nurse is discussing preconception care with a group of women. She tells them that en purpose of preconception care is to encourage red- product lineed lifestyles The nurse is interviewing a woman during her first prenatal clinic visit. When the Blood samples lead not be interpreted to test for conditions that could affect your pregnancy On her fourth prenatal visit, a patient asks why water supply tests are done on every visit.The most appropriate response is We are testing for diabetes, which sometimes develops during pregnancy The purpose of Loopholes maneuvers is to determine The presentation and position of the fetus One purpose of ultrasound vision during pregnancy is to Rule out fetal abnormalities Compared with amniocentesis, chronic villous sampling Can be done ahead in A diagnostic test of the amniotic fluid to determine whether the fetus is likely to develop respiratory distress is Lecithin/spellbinding ratio (LIST ratio) An elevated alpha-footprint (APP) level is consistent with Neural tube defects The bio fleshly write (BP) uses five observations, including Gross body movements During a nonstarters test (NEST), a monitor records fetal heart rate when the mother senses fetal movement.This test is used to assess Fetal oxygenation and autonomic function Which statement mighty describes the contraction stress test (COST)? Uterine contractions must be induced. To prepare a woman for a contraction stress test using nipple stimulation, an appropriate instruction would be to Brush your thread across the nipple of one breast for 2 to 3 minutes. A common discomfort in the first trimester of pregnancy is Lakehurst On her second prenatal visit, a woman states that she feels like she needs to progress to all the time, even during the night. She says she has reduced her fluid intake to control this problem. The nurse should tell her to Drink to a greater extent fluids during the day ND less in the ev ening. A teaching externalize for self-care during pregnancy should overwhelm that desirous tubs should be avoided because increased body temperature decreases placental stock To minimize heartburn, the pregnant patient should Sit up for 30 minutes later on eating. A woman in her third trimester is troubled by frequent leg cramps. Which measure would the nurse suggest to relieve the cramps? Stand with the feet flat on the floor when cramps occur. Self-care instruction for a pregnant woman to lessen backache should hold Wearing low-heeled shoes Wearing low-heeled shoes For a healthy pregnancy outcome, the recommended eight gain during pregnancy is 1. 4 to 1. 8 keg(3 to 4 lbs) each month in the first trimester, then 0. keg(l lb) per week for a total of 11 to 16 keg(25 to 35 lbs) Fetal weight increases most during the Third trimester To prevent supine hypertensive syndrome and to promote fetal perfusion during pregnancy, the teaching plan should include Lying on the left side Se lf-care instruction for a pregnant woman often includes the pelvic rocking exercise, which helps Relieve lower back pain Self-care instructions for a pregnant woman should include Not wearing knee-high stockings Which factor is likely to contribute to the formation of varicose veins during pregnancy? unregularity In a prenatal class, one woman tells the nurse that she is a vegetarian and asks whether this poses a problem in relation to her pregnancy.The nurses most appropriate response is minor care provider may order auxiliary vitamins and calcium. The nurse explains to a pregnant woman who does not like milk that other foods are hot sources of calcium, such as Green, leafy vegetables and tofu Pregnant women need increased vitamin A for fetal cell development, bone growth, ND tooth formation. One food that is high in vitamin A is Carrots A pregnant woman should be instructed that good sources of iron are broccoli and liver substituted for nutritious foods. Which statement by th e nurse reflects the current philosophy of childbirth education? l will tell you about your options for pain charge so you can make a choice. Relaxation exercises, focusing, imagery, and flagrance are taught in childbirth education because they atomic number 18 helpful in pain management during labor. The basic breathing patterns recommended during the first stage of labor include reheating. Modified-paced An exercise that strengthens perinea muscle tone and elasticity is the Keel exercise Which sign should a pregnant woman report to her health care provider immediately? Angina Pain Which individual is at great guess for a high-risk pregnancy? A 15-year-old who is a vegetarian The assumption that all people of a particular culture think and behave in the same way is known as ethnical stereotyping The pregnant woman asks why she should not receive a rubella virus immunization until after delivery.Which response would be the most appropriate? Live virus canines have a high risk of iatrogenic effects. A nurse is explaining nonstarters testing to expectant parents. Which statement indicates that further teaching is necessary? A reactive nonstarters test means that further judgement will be required. At a prenatal visit, the patient discusses her vegetarian diet with the nurse and states that she does not feel her diet includes enough protein. Which food(s) should the nurse suggest she add to her diet? Peanut butter Cottage cheese Eggs Amniocentesis is one diagnostic shaft used to assess fetal health and well-being, and it is used for what reason(s)?Assessment of a genetic disorder ascertain alpha-footprint levels Assessment of fetal lung maturity Chapter 13 One of the frequent causes of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is involuntary abortion Causes of spontaneous abortion can include Acute maternal infection A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy comes to the emergency department with moderate vaginal bleeding. She reports having had cramps earlier but has no(prenominal) now. This description is typical of a(n) abortion. Threatened Which statement is true of octopi pregnancy? The fertilized ovum is implanted outside of the uterus. subsequently surgery for a transparency mole, the woman should be advised that She must have periodic blood studies and ultrasounds to monitor for coordination.A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy presents to the emergency department with complaints of bright red vaginal bleeding. The nurse immediately distrusts Placenta Preview The nurse recognizes that digital vaginal examinations are contraindicated in pregnant women who are bleeding because The examination may cause severe hemorrhage Which pregnant woman would the nurse suspect of having placenta preview? A Arvada 3, Para 2 in her twenty-eighth week of gestation who reports painless vaginal bleeding and whose blood pressure is 116/78 mm Hag Which scenario suggests abrupt placental? Tender, rigid uterus in the last trime ster What complication should be suspected in the patient who has experienced abrupt placental, hydrofoil mole, or a retained dead fetus?Disseminated intramuscular coagulation A woman with Re-negative blood is administered Aerogram following an abortion to prevent Summarization in the mother The most typical signs and symptoms of gestational high blood pressure include Proteins and hypertension The teaching plan for a woman with mild gestational hypertension who is being managed at home should include Resting frequently and lying on the left side beforehand administering magnesium sulfate to a woman with severe gestational withhold the medicate? Urinary output signal 20 murmur The pregnant patient is given magnesium sulfate. The drug has been effective if Seizure performance is absent. What is the difference between proclaims and clamps?The central nervous system is involved with clamps but not with proclaims. Which factor places the pregnant woman at risk for thermoelectric d isease? Even VA compression A pregnant woman who has been hospitalized for unintelligible vein thrombosis (DTV) suddenly complains of difficulty breathing and chest pain. Her heart rate is 120 get the better of/minute. The nurse should suspect what complication? Pulmonary embolism The nurse recognizes that the primary effect of pregnancy on a woman with a preexisting heart disease is The workload of the heart is greatly increased. When a woman with heart disease becomes pregnant, what precautions will the nurse advise her to take? Immediately report dyspepsia, fatigue, or edema. The nurse is counseling a prenatal patient on nutrition. He notes that her health care provider has ordered 300 MGM of ferrous sulfate each day. What patient teaching is indicated? Inform stools will be dark and sticky when you are taking iron. Hyperemia gravitated is Persistent, severe vomiting during pregnancy The effect of pregnancy on glucose metabolism is to Antagonize insulin, which causes serum glu cose to rise. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the patient with presentational diabetes usually requires Less insulin than before her pregnancy A pregnant woman has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. She asks the nurse whether that means she will have to take insulin.The nurses best response is Some women need insulin, but you may be able to control your diabetes with diet. A maternal complication that can result from diabetes mellitus is Hydrations A woman asks the nurse why she should take precautions against acquire rubella if she thinks she might be pregnant. The nurse explains that the occurrence of maternal rubella during the first 4 weeks of pregnancy could lead to which fetal malformations? Cataracts, cardiac defects, and deafness of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine can cause fetal growth retardation. During an assessment of an infant born to an intravenous drug abuser, the nurse should recognize which sign(s) and/or symptom(s) as indicative of drug withdrawal?Tremor and hyperactive reflexes What information will the nurse give to a pregnant woman with heart disease regarding her second stage of labor? She will not be able to have any anesthesia. A woman with heart disease has delivered and is now in the postpartum unit. When caring for this woman, the nurse recognizes that Major circulatory readjustment in the postpartum period may cause heart blow even 4 or 5 days postpartum The nurse has been teaching a pregnant woman at 32 weeks gestation about signs and symptoms of gestational hypertension and potential warning signs of affirmable complications. The nurse recognizes the need for further teaching when the woman If I have a headache, I will take some acetaminophen. States A woman with severe gestational hypertension is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for further intervention? Absent deep tendon reflexes A nurse is caring for a woman who has been hypertensive since her thirty-fourth eek of gestation. Assessment findings include urine protein +3, platelet count 95,000 mm, and elevated EAST and ALT levels. The nurse should suspect the development of which of the following? HELP syndrome A newly delivered woman who was treated for proclaims during labor says to the nurse, Why are you still checking my blood pressure, reflexes, respirations, and urine so often?I thought delivery of my baby would take care of the problem. The most appropriate response would be Mimi are still at risk for seizures for the first forty- eight hours after birth. The patient asks why she has been having urinary tract infections (Its) more frequently since becoming pregnant. The nurse explains that which of the following factor(s) predispose(s) the pregnant patient to Its? Compression of the Reuters Decreased urine flow to the bladder Relaxation of the bladder muscle gloriously favoring bacterial growth birth because of abrupt placental. The nur se recognizes that she must be alert for which sign(s) and/or symptom(s)? release gums Bleeding from injection sites Apostasies Dry skin The nurse recognizes that parents who suffer a perennial loss will often exhibit which f the following behaviors? Denial Anger Acceptance Euphoria Chapter 20 The pain associated with endometriosis is caused by Monthly bleeding of extraction endometrial tissue Which statement is true of poisonous shock syndrome? Rash fever and flu-like symptoms are typical Women who experience premenstrual syndrome (MS), also known as ovarian cycle syndrome, should be advised that Strategies that help manage stress may reduce symptoms. The physical changes of menopause are the result of Lowered estrogen level A class for older women focuses on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. One Oman asks how to tell if she is at risk for osteoporosis.

Helping Children with Manners

tact are constantly changing from one century or one generation to the next. For example, a handshake originally was meant to show that men were not carrying a make or dagger in their hands. Men still tip their hats because once knights in armor lift the visors of their helmets to show their faces. And it wasnt excessively many years ago that a man almost always got up in a crowded bus and gave his seat to a woman. Nevertheless, certain tact do stretch out from one decade to the next, and this is because manners make life easier for everybody.There are three important ideas foot the good manners we use today custom, consideration, and mutual sense. Custom is the habit of doing certain things like vibe hands and tipping hats mentioned above. Consideration is the most important idea behind all good manners. Almost always, world considerate is being well-mannered. Consideration is simply thinking almost the way the other person feels. universe rude to soul are bad manners, not because a book says so, but because it causes hurt feelings. n earlier all good manners have in element of common sense. If you are standing in the rear of a crowded elevator, its neither reasonable-nor good manners-to try pushing your way to the front so you can get out first.These are the basic ideas we want to teach our children when we are trying to bring good manners-simple kindness, consideration, and common sense. The following suggestions written for and directed to children may give some added authority in the matter of what is common courtesy and what is not.Manners at HomeHome is where you learn to get along with people. Me closer you live with other people, the more important good manners are. Everybody in a family should respect the unspoileds and feelings of everybody else. render to listen when others in the family have something to say. Even a little brother or sister who cant yet read or a grandmother who seems quite old has a right to an opinion.It is imp ortant for members of a family to consider each others privacy. No matter how crowded a home is, everyone in it has a right to some place that is his own. Here are some privacy dontsDont open a closed door until you have knocked and waited for permission to enter. Dont go into anyone elses bureau, desk, box, or bases at home or anywhere else without his permission.Dont read anyones mail or anything he has written (for example, a diary) unless he asks you to. Dont discuss the clannish affairs of your family with outsiders or tell about a family problem. Another important part of family good manners is sharing. You share the TV set and the telephone and the bathroom and maybe a bedroom or a closet or a desk. You share the work. This means cleaning up after you and sharing the tariff for the safety of everyone in the house.Telephone MannersAlways give the person you are calling the great unwashed of time to get to the phone before you hang up. If the person who answers is not the o ne you want, give your designation and ask if you may speak to the person youve called. Ask, May I speak to Tommy? not Is Tommy home If he isnt in, you may leave a message.If someone dials your number accidentally, accept his apology. Everyone sometimes dials a wrong number. No one intends to. If you accidentally dial a wrong number, excuse yourself.It is considerate to make phone calls at a time when they will not disturb people. Try not to call too early in the morning (before about 900) or too late at night (after about 930). Try not to call at mealtime.Its handy to keep a pencil and paper near the phone. If someone calls a member of the family who is not at home, ask the caller if he would like to leave a message. If he does, be certain(p) to get his name and number. 7 if you take a message are sure to remember to deliver itTable MannersMost families have ceremonious their own table manners that are important to them. Here are a some that should be remembered when you are at home and when you are a guestNever reach for any fodder that is not right in front of you. Ask someone to pass it. And if you are passing something, dont military service yourself along the way. If your aliment is too hot, wait for it to cool. Dont blow on it. If you pose something in your mouth thats too hot, dont spit it out. Reach for your water and take a quick swallow.Dont talk with your mouth full. Bring your food up to your mouth rather than bending over to reach it. There are a few additional rules for eating in a restaurantDont be upset if you spill something. It happens all the time. The host will clean it up. Dont pick up your silverware if you drop it on the floor. Ask the waiter to replace it for you. Dont put packages or handbags on the table. Dont comb your hair at the table. Dont use a toothpick in public. Being a GuestWe all know that we have certain responsibilities when we are the host or hostess. But in that respect are responsibilities when one is guests that are equally important. Here are a few of themDont go tour unless youre expected. Dont overstay your invitation. Dont expect to be waited on. Offer to help. Dont plan to stay overnight without consulting the hostess and your parents. Dont upset the familys routine. Try to fit in and (your part. Dont make extra work. Make your bed, straighten up after yourself. Be sure to say thank you for a meal or an overnight visit at a friends house. Manners on the StreetUnless you are at home or at a friends house, you are on public property. Bemuse this property is used by many people, it is especially important that everyone use common sense and good manners. Here are some street dontsDont walk in bunches so that you obstruction others. Dont stop to chat in the middle of the sidewalk. Step to the side so that people wont have to trend around you. Dont stare at or make fun of anyone, no matter how strange he may look. Dont be a litterbug. Dont mark on buildings or other public property. If you bump into someone or step on his toe, say youre sorry. A Final Note to ParentsYou have most belike already dealt with most of the above suggestions with your child. However, when it comes to manners, children need frequent reminders. One of the best ways to teach manners is to role-play the parent takes the role of host or hostess, guest, salesperson, someone at the other end of the telephone, etc. This reduces the childs imagination that the parent is nagging, and it is a technique that works.Website www.childdevelopmentinfo.com

The book by William Zinsser On Willing Well

The book by William Zinsser On Willing Well is a profound guide for writers in any nonfiction genre from science to cash in ones chips, sports to management. The author, William Zinsser, was a writer and editor in chief for the New York Herald Tribune and developed this book out of a nonfiction paper course he taught at Yale.Zinsser writes with refreshing simplicity, humor, and encouraging frankness. Hes non one of these writers who pretends that the words just flow he readily admits to delay, paralysis, and even perspiring over challenging projects. Writing is hard workRemember this in moments of despair. If you find that writing is hard, its because it is hard.This guide includes the entire process of writing. Chapters address a spectrum of central issues principles, methods, forms, and attitudes. Throughout the first chapter, reader elicit see that all of us write differently we yield different styles, we write to different audiences, and we have our have sense of humor.On Writing Well offers a very large scope of techniques and styles have-to doe with around enhancing writing, and helping to convey the simplest, most effective message possible.After the first chapter, a reader bequeath remember that simplicity is always the best option when writing. Today, our society is too perplexed in reservation our words clear. So perplexed, that we often confuse each other. Keeping a straightforward message is not only important, it is realistic. One should think of the process as cutting and burning a forest. Just as time is involved in allowing that forest to re-grow, we must take time to rebuild our sentences.The next chapter deals with the musical accompaniment of what we just learned. To make our writing as strong as possible, we have to get rid of everything that isnt needed. legion(predicate) sentences are too overloaded with adjectives. It is interesting, but true, that the political field has frequently used evasive choice of words and overloade d sentences to try and cover up the meaning of the truth.The ideas must be quick and to the point, so that to be easier to understand. Decorating sentences with extra words wont earn any respect, in fact, they may do just the opposite.The book besides discusses the importance of developing your own style. Zinsser says that although it sounds paradoxical, before we can develop an unmistakable style, we have to cut reduce our writing to the bare minimum. A very convincing passage wasFew people realize how staidly they write. Nobody has shown them how much excess or murkiness has crept into their style and how it obstructs what they are trying to say.Psychology overly makes a somewhat unexpected appearance in the text. Writing is an act of ego, and you might as substantially admit it. Use its energy to keep yourself going.To be able to write well, one must be comfortable with yourself. When we are relaxed, we write better, and the reader notices it.The sections on principles and m ethods include the usual suspects-conceiving a compelling fountain paragraph, focusing on the audience, achieving unity of voice, choosing words carefully, ending with a punch, and (everyones favorite) revising.His chapters on forms offer guidelines for writing in specific fields-business, science, sports, humor, the arts. The final chapters on attitude discuss psychological aspects of writing embracing the sound of your authorized voice enjoyment, fear, and confidence how an infatuation with the idea of a finished product can impede your continue a writers decisions and finally, an exhortation to write the highest quality work you can.The chapter on a writers decisions offers a glimpse into Zinssers little thought process for his own writing he parcels out paragraphs of an article he wrote for a travel magazine, annotated with detailed commentary about the editorial choices he made as he wrote.Author takes on an historic perspective of nonfiction as literature, if only to serve as an inspiration to developing nonfiction writers. He marks the change in society from radio to television, and discusses that with the developing need for accurate information.The style he uses is direct and simple, free of confusion, the product of self-restraint. Varied with the authors insights and anecdotes are plentiful samples of writing both strong and weak, variable in style and genre, to illustrate the principles discussed in a given section. In addition to numerous excerpts of his own work, he shares selections from highly regarded writers like Joan Didion, E.B. White, Joseph Mitchell, John Updike, and Cynthia Ozick.My one reclamation with the book is this I do not agree with Zinssers advice on dealing with gendered pronouns (he favors masculine pronouns when there is no graceful way to avoid choosing a gender-somehow using an occasional she fails to occur to him) and he sporadically refers to collective humanity as man. However, beyond that, I find his advice flawless and his writing an excellent model of the principles he sticks to.On Writing Well The Classic run away to Writing Nonfictionby William Zinsser (New York, NY- HarperPerennial, 1998),6th Edition, 308 pages

Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior

Question 1. explain stopping point making process and various types of decision with compositors cases? Ans Decision making crumb be regarded as the mental processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternating(a) scenarios. either decision making process produces a final selection. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. Developed by B. Aubrey Fisher, there be four stages that should be involved in in all grouping decision making.These stages, or sometimes called stagecoachs, atomic number 18 eventful for the decision-making process to begin Orientation stage- This phase is where members meet for the first time and start to get to know each(prenominal) other. Conflict stage- Once group members become familiar with each other, disputes, little fights and arguments occur. Group members eventual(prenominal)ly work it out. Emergence stage- The group begins to legislate up vague opinions by talking about them. Reinforcement stage- Members finally imbibe a decision, date nearifying themselves that it was the right decision.When in an organization and faced with a difficult decision, there are several steps one can catch to ensure the best possible consequences ordain be decided. These steps are put into seven effective ways to go about this decision making process. An Example illustrating Decision Making Process in an Organization * The first step Outline your goal and outcome. This give enable decision makers to see exactly what they are trying to accomplish and keep them on a proper(postnominal) path. * The second step Gather data. This pass on table service decision makers defend actual evidence to help them come up with a solution. The third step Brainstorm to infract alternatives. Coming up with much(prenominal) than one solution ables you to see which one can actually work. * The fourth step List pros and cons of each alternative. With the dip of pros and cons, yo u can eliminate the solutions that suck up more cons than pros, making your decision easier. * The fifth step irritate the decision. Once you analyze each solution, you should pick the one that has galore(postnominal) pros (or the pros that are most significant), and is a solution that everyone can agree with. * The sixth step Immediately take action.Once the decision is picked, you should implement it right away. * The 7th step Learn from, and reflect on the decision making. This step allows you to see what you did right and wrong when access up, and putting the decision to use. Another example showing Decision Making Process with respect to consumer behavior. This determine is primal for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying process rather than just the grease ones palms decision (when it whitethorn be too late for a line of merchandise to influence the choice The model implies that customers pass through all stages in e very purchase. However, in more routine purchases, customers much skip or reverse some of the stages. For example, a student buying a favourite ground beef would recognise the hire (hunger) and go right to the purchase decision, skipping randomness explore and evaluation. However, the model is very effective when it comes to understanding any purchase that requires some thought and deliberation.The buying process starts with need recognition. At this stage, the buyer recognises a problem or need (e. g. I am hungry, we need a new sofa, I have a headache) or responds to a marketing stimulus (e. g. you pass Starbucks and are attracted by the redolence of coffee and chocolate muffins). An aroused customer then necessitate to decide how much information (if any) is required. If the need is strong and there is a product or service that meets the need close to hand, then a purchase decision is believably to be do there and then. If not, then the process of information search begi ns. A customer can obtain information from several sources Personal sources family, friends, neighbours etceteraCommercial sources advertising gross revenue muckle retailers dealers packaging point-of-sale displays Public sources newspapers, radio, television, consumer organisations specialist magazines Experiential sources handling, examining, using the product The usefulness and influence of these sources of information will vary by product and by customer. Research suggests that customers value and respect private sources more than commercial sources (the influence of word of mouth). The challenge for the marketing team is to identify which information sources are most influential in their target markets.In the evaluation stage, the customer must choose amongst the alternative brands, products and services. An important determinant of the extent of evaluation is whether the customer feels involved in the product. By involvement, we regard as the degree of perceived releva nce and personal importance that accompanies the choice. Where a purchase is highly involving, the customer is likely to carry out extensive evaluation. High-involvement purchases include those involving high expenditure or personal risk for example buying a house, a car or making investments. Low involvement purchases (e. . buying a soft drink, choosing some breakfast cereals in the supermarket) have very simple evaluation processes. Post-purchase evaluation Cognitive Dissonance The final stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is common for customers to experience concerns after making a purchase decision. This arises from a concept that is know as cognitive dissonance. The customer, having bought a product, may feel that an alternative would have been preferable. In these circumstances that customer will not repurchase immediately, alone is likely to change everywhere brands next time.To manage the post-purchase stage, it is the job of the marketing team to persuade the potential customer that the product will satisfy his or her needs. Then after having made a purchase, the customer should be encouraged that he or she has made the right decision. Question 2. Take any international country of your choice and list down their social, cultural, lifestyle, business etiquettes and administer practices in detail? Ans Country in Discussion Nigeria amicable / Cultural and Life Style Background The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigerias multiple ethnic groups. The country has over 50 languages and over 250 dialects and ethnic groups.The three wide-rangingst ethnic groups are the Hausa-Fulani who are prevailing in the north, the Igbo who are predominant in the south-east, and the Yoruba who are predominant in the southwest. The Edo people are predominant in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland. Much of the Edo races to be Christian while the remaining 20 percent worship deities called Ogu. This group is followed by the Ibibio/Anna ng/Efik people of the coastal southeastern Nigeria and the Ijaw of the Niger Delta. The rest of Nigerias ethnic groups (sometimes called minorities) are found all over the country but especially in the middle belt and north.The Hausa tend to be Muslim and the Igbo are predominantly Christian. The Efik, Ibibio, Annang people are mainly Christian. The Yoruba have a balance of members that are adherent to both Islam and Christianity. Indigenous religious practices remain important in all of Nigerias ethnic groups, these beliefs are very much blended with Christian beliefs. Nigeria is famous for its English language literature and its popular music. Since the mid-nineties the Nigerian movie industry, sometimes called " Nollywood" has emerged as a fast-growing cultural force all over the continent.All over the country, and even increasingly in the conservative north, western music, dresses and movies are ever popular. The music of Nigeria includes many kinds of folk and popular music, some of which are known worldwide. Traditional musicians use a number of several(a) instruments, such as the Gongon drums football game (soccer) is extremely popular throughout the country and especially among the youth, both product line soccer and professional international soccer, has developed into a cult of unity and division.Supporters of English football clubs Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool and Chelsea often segregate beyond the traditional tribal and even religious divide to share their common create in Premier League teams. The Nigeria national football team, nicknamed the Super Eagles, is the national team of Nigeria and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). Nigerian fare embellishes a rich blend of traditionally African carbohydrates such as Yam and Cassava as well as vegetable soups made from native green leaves.Praised by Nigerians for the strength it gives, Garri is a powdered Cassava Grain that can be readily eaten as a meal and i s quite cheap. Yam is either fried in oil or pounded to make a Mashed Potato like Yam pottage. Nigerian beans, quite different from green peas, is widely popular. Meat is besides popular and Nigerian Suya, a barbecue like method of roasting meat, is a well known delicacy. Bush meat, meat from wild game like deer and giraffes is also popular. Fermented palm products is used to make a traditional liquor, Palm Wine, as is fermented Cassava.Business Background in Nigeria The fact that Nigeria is not a attraction for international investment could be seen as a tragedy of immense proportions. Years of governmental instability, regional strife and the weakening influence of massive corruption have resulted in the country failing to benefit on its many advantages leaving the mass of the population in sexual congress poverty and the country enormously infra-structure poor. A large number of international organizations and business people have been wary of doing business in Nigeria for m any years.This may seem strange given that Nigeria is one of the most populous countries in Africa as well as world one of the most oil-rich places in the world. Couple this with the fact that the country is commodious in many other natural resources and has good port facilities and you might think that international business would be fighting for a piece of the action in Nigeria. Huge strides have been made in the last few years to try to tackle the many endemic problems which assail the country with political and frugal stability being seen as the key weapons in attacking the corrosive influence of corruption.Whether the actions being taken on the ground now lead to dramatic improvements in levels of transparency and levels of corporate presidential term remain to be seen in the meantime, the country struggles along and those doing business in Nigeria need to be apprised of the issues that await them. Business Etiquettes Nigerians like to use language in a fairly flowery b earing and will often address you with great courtesy and overt signs of respect. This desire to show respect to people is shown in the Nigerian use of titles and honorifics.People will often be addressed as Uncle, Auntie, Chief, Mazi, Doctor etc. rather than by the use of first names. Business conversations will often veer towards the personal and you may be asked questions about family, hobbies and other interests within business meetings. This is an important section of the meeting and should be enured as such. It is not seen as overly personal but rather as a steer of warmth and friendship. Handshaking is very important and it is usual to swap long, lingering handshakes with everybody you meet. Nigerian Management StyleAs you would seem in a strictly hierarchical culture, managers are anticipate to lead quite strongly. The foreman is expected to make decisions (with or without wider consultation) and the decisions of the boss are expected to be carried out to the allowter . Directions should be given in a polite and friendly but definitive fashion. Spell out in detail what needs to be done anything which is not explicitly requested, is likely to remain undone. This does not mean that subordinates are ineffectual or lazy, merely that they expect the boss to know exactly what he wants to happen and to explain things to them fully.It is important to dress well in Nigeria as the way you are dressed will signal your relative level of importance. Men should wear dark suits and ties and women should wear dark, demure business-style suits. In return for loyalty, the manager will often take on a paternalistic role with regard to colleagues. The manager is expected to take an interest in subordinates beyond their directly work-related duties. People are as likely to ask the boss advice on personal matters as they are on business issues. Indigenous Nigerian companies will, however, have an begin and flavor all of their own.All native Nigerian companies will display massively hierarchical tendencies as befits a country rich in tribal tradition and culture. Thus the boss expects and receives respect from those below them in the structure. As age is highly valued in Nigerian culture, managers are often of the older times age brings wisdom. Although people at a middle-management level will like to give the impression that they have great power in the organization, they rarely do. Decisions are invariably made right at the top, so try not to waste too much time trying to force decisions out of more junior employees.If possible, go right to the top. This does not, however, mean that people lower down the corporate structure can be ignored as they may very well be pivotal in influencing the eventual decision-maker. As a relationship-oriented culture, it is important to be seen to be trying hard to develop good relationships at all levels within the organization. Economic Facts previously hindered by years of mismanagement, economic reforms of the past decade have put Nigeria back on track towards achieving its full economic potential. Nigerian GDP at purchase power parity more than doubled from $170. 7 billion in 2005 to $374. billion in 2010, although estimates of the sizing of the informal heavens (which is not included in official figures) put the actual numbers walking(prenominal) to $520 billion. Correspondingly, the GDP per capita doubled from $1200 per person in 2005 to an estimated $2,500 per person in 2009 (again, with the inclusion of the informal sector, it is estimated that GDP per capita hovers slightly $3,500 per person). It is the largest economy in the West Africa Region, 3rd largest economy in Africa (behind South Africa and Egypt), and on track to becoming one of the top 30 economies in the world in the early part of 2011.Although much has been made of its status as a major exporter of oil, Nigeria produces only about 3. 3% of the worlds supply, and though it is ranked as 15th in production at 2 . 2 million barrels per day (mbpd), the top 3 producers Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States produce 10. 7mbpd (16. 8%), 9. 8mbpd (15. 4%), and 8. 5mbpd (13. 4%) respectively, collectively accounting for 63. 6mpd (45. 4%) of the worlds broad(a) production. 2 To put oil revenues in perspective at an estimated export rate of 1. 9mbd, with a projected sales price of $65 per barrel in 2011, Nigerias anticipated revenue from petroleum is about $52. billion. This accounts for less than 14% of official GDP figures (and drops to 10% when the informal economy is included in these calculations). Therefore, though the petroleum sector is important, it remains in fact a small part of the countrys overall vibrant and diversified economy. The by and large subsistence agricultural sector has not kept up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now imports some of its food products. In 2006, Nigeria successfully convinced the Paris Club to let it buy bac k the bulk of its debts owed to the Paris Club for a cash payment of roughly $12 billion (USD). passel Practices The Federal Government plays the role of cling toing local industries and the labor market from unfair competitions and trade wind practices of developed countries. opus Nigerian government appreciates that the world is a global village, in terms of exchange of goods, services and persons, it will not open the nations borders to the influx of foreigners in whatever make-believe without considering the security and economic implication inherent in the administration of Expatriate Quota and other immigration formality. While it is true that Nigeria as a developing country needs to benefit from the xperiences and technology of the sophisticated nations, it is important that we protect our local manpower by ensuring that jobs that are meant for Nigerians are not occupied by foreigners in order to stem the unemployment rate in the country. Although the world is a global vi llage and the WTO preaches free trade or liberalization of trade, it is the governments duty both individually and as government to protect our local industries and markets in order to avoid being reduced to mere consumers of labor and technology of the advanced nations.Their focus at all times should be to develop indigenous technology, local susceptibility mental synthesis for both our industries and markets". Also, the administration of Expatriate Quota helps attract foreign direct investment fast track economic development transfer technology through importation of modern machinery and equipment build and enhance local capacity and skills institutionalize Nigerian understudies attached to Expatriates and for appropriate documentation.ALTERNATIVE TRADE NETWORK OF NIGERIA (ATNN) The option divvy up Network of Nigeria (ATNN) was set up in 1994 with 25 artisans drawn from different parts of Nigeria as a Non Governmental Trade and maturation Network. It was formerly registe red with Corporate Affairs Commissions Abuja on the 7th January 1999 as an Incorporated Trustee with a five member Governing Board. The daily operations of the network are coordinated by class staff and team of volunteers under the leadership of the Director.ATNN is a registered pioneer member of the International Fair Trade Association (IFAT) formed in 1994 now the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO) and also a founding member of the Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa (COFTA) with its Africa Regional Office based in Nairobi, Kenya. With a founding membership of 25 artisans and groups, ATNN membership has grown to 120 cooperatives, groups and individuals (over 3616 individuals) engage in both food and Non food products from different parts of Nigeria who are grass root based and committed to the principles and standards of fair trade. 3% of the current membership is women, employing over 3616 people. 1774 apprentices have also been trained and are now self assiduous and running their business in different areas of micro enterprises. ATNN has the following thematic areas of intervention 1. Fair Trade Market Access, Retailing and Export Trading This program provides unique solutions to specific members based on identify needs, level of business development, size, structure, markets, retailing and other trading opportunities. 2. Producer Development, Community Mobilization and Empowerment.This program engages democratic method of development of both formal and informal groups of producers and communities in identifying and establishing spunk strength and weaknesses and collective calculative of sustainable and achievable business solutions. 3. Fair Trade Advocacy and Economic Rights The objective of this program is to develop and disseminate appropriate fair trade information to raise beneficiarys awareness and stake holders interest and fight down for effective and proactive fair trade participations.It also highlights and lobby against unethical busine ss, production and trade practices and policies that are detrimental to community growth, environmental protection and other impacts that are related to sustainable production and development. The Alternative Trade Network of Nigeria believes in fostering an accelerated producers businesses development and sustainable income through developing, consolidating and advancing the core mission and objectives of the global fair Trade Movement within Nigeria, Africa and the world over.This is achieved through the offering and provide of technical guidance, market support, networking and awareness rising for favorable trade policies and micro business development measures. ATNN, in its business development services also ensures that producers do not just access profitable markets, but produce quality products and get appropriate value for their labor. ATNN generally desires to achieve the following 1. Increased and amend business skills